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Citing E-Resources

It's not as easy to cite web resources in your bibliography as it is to cite books, because standards for citing web resources are still being developed, and web resources don't have a title page where you can easily locate the information needed for a reference.

This guide tries to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about citing Web resources. Included on this page are some websites with even more examples. For information on how to interpret different citations simply click on the citiation example:

• Book Citation
• Magazine Citation
• Journal Citation
• Newspaper Citation
• Government Document Citation
• Article in a Book Citation
• Internet Citation

Components

These components should be included in a reference to a web resource.

Author

• If author information is not listed at the top of a document, check the bottom or follow any links to the web site's home page to search for author information.
• Try to distinguish the author of the content from the page designer and avoid listing the designer as an author.
• Remember that organizations or government agencies can be authors.
• If no author is listed, begin the reference with the title.

Title

• If you have trouble identifying the title, check the top left corner of the Netscape browser. The title of the document should appear there, above the File menu. It also appears in the top left corner of a Netscape printout.

Date of Publication

• The date a Web document was created or last updated is frequently listed at the bottom.
• If a document includes both a date of creation and a date it was last updated, use only the latter.
• Include a day and month in addition to a year if they are included on the document.

URL

• In Netscape, the URL or address of a Web document is located near the top of the screen in the box labelled "Netsite."
• The URL appears in the upper right corner of a Netscape printout.

Date Accessed

• Because Web documents can change or disappear at any time, your reference must include the date that you looked at the document.
• The date of use appears in the bottom right corner of a Netscape printout.

Multi-Document Web Resources

If a Web resource is comprised of multiple documents (i.e., you cannot see the entire content by using the scroll bar on the right side of the screen), include only one entry for it in your bibliography. Use the information from the main or "home" page.

For More Information

For more detailed information and examples or for information on citing e-mail, bulletin board postings, online journal articles, etc, consult the following resources and Web sites:

Karla's Guide to Citation Style Guides -Nicely annotated page of links to various styles for citing electronic, & other sources

Citation Styles for Electronic Information Sources

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