Foxtail Pine has received relatively little attention from scientists. Three researchers devoted the major part of their graduate work to the species: Ron Mastroguiseppe, Diane Ryerson, and myself, Mike Rourke. Ron Mastroguiseppe devoted his Masters thesis to a taxonomic study that led to his decision to split the species into two subspecies (Mastroguiseppe & Mastroguiseppe 1980). Diane Ryerson devoted her Masters thesis to an analysis of populations around the margins of the species geographic range. The analysis led her to the conclusion that the species is expanding its range in the southern Sierra Nevada. My Ph.D. dissertation was devoted to a study of the Foxtail Pine community in the southern Sierra Nevada.
Bailey, D. K. 1970. Phytogeography and taxonomy of Pinus subsection Balfourianae. Annals Missouri Botanical Garden 57:210-249.
Critchfield, W. B. 1977. Hybridization of Foxtail and Bristlecone Pines. Madrono 24:193-212.
Mastroguiseppe, R. J. 1972. Geographic variation in foxtail Pine, Pinus balfouriana Grev & Balf, MS thesis, California State University, Humboldt.
Mastroguiseppe, R. J. and J. D. Mastroguiseppe. 1980. A study of Pinus balfouriana Grev & Balf (Pinaceae). Systematic Botany 5:86-104.
Rourke, M. D. 1986. A preliminary cladistic analysis of the Balfourianae pines. in C. A. Hall, Jr. and D. J. Young eds. Natural History of the White-Inyo Range, Eastern California and Western Nevada and High Altitude Physiology: University of California, White Mountain Research Station Symposium. pp 77-83.
Rourke, M. D. 1988a. The Biogeography and Ecology of Pinus balfouriana Grev. & Balf. in the Sierra Nevada of California. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. 225p.
Rourke, M. D. 1988b. The tree community of the Golden Trout Wilderness. in C.A. Hall, Jr. and V. Doyle-Jones (eds.), Plant Biology of Eastern California. Natural History of the White-Inyo Range. Symposium, Vol. 2. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Ryerson, D. A. 1983. Population structure of Pinus balfouriana Grev & Balf along the margins of its distribution area in the Sierran and Klamath regions of California. MS thesis, California State University, Sacramento, CA, 198p.
Critchfield, W. B. & E. L. Little, Jr. 1966. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world. USDA Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication 991.
Griffin, J. R. and W. B. Critchfield. 1976. The distribution of forest trees in California. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PSW-82.
Hickman, J. C. ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Kuuluvainen T. 1992. Tree architectures adapted to efficient light utilization: is there a basis for latitudinal gradients? Oikos 65:275-284.
Little, E. L., Jr. and W. B. Critchfield. 1969. Subdivisions of the genus Pinus pines. USDA Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication 1144, Washington, D.C. 51p.
Muir, J. M. 1881. The coniferous forests of the Sierra Nevada. Scribner’s Monthly. republished (1980) in W. R. Jones (ed.), The coniferous forests and big trees of the Sierra Nevada. Outbooks, Golden CO, USA.
Scudari, L.A. 1987. Glacier variations in the Sierra Nevada, California, as related to a 1200-year tree-ring chronology. Quaternary Research 27:220-231.
Last updated April 15, 2001