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TEACH Act Guidelines |
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TEACH Act Guidelines
It is important to remember that the TEACH Act was a
revision of the copyright law of 1976, section 110(2) in
light of changed technology. It has to do primarily
with the DISPLAY or PERFORMANCE of copyrighted work, as
they are delivered to distance students, and little to
do with making copies (except the copies of works so
delivered, in section 112(f)) of already copyrighted
works.
Works can be delivered to distance students if:
- The work cannot have been produced for the
distance education market in the first place. That
is, you cannot copy, without permission, the work of
someone attempting to sell distance education
materials and then use them in distance ed.
Congress was concerned with protecting the sales of
publishers in adding this provision to the law.
Furthermore, textbooks and course packs are
specifically excluded.
- The work being copied and digitized must be
legally obtained. That is, not pirated.
- The amount that can be copied must generally be
"reasonable and limited" or limited to an amount and
duration comparable to what would be displayed or
performed in a live physical classroom setting.
This has not been tested in court, as far as we
know, but the argument for copying and digitizing
entire works is that they are no longer than would
be shown in a traditional face-to-face class.
Opinions differ on this point, and some prefer to
take a very conservative view of how much of a work
can be digitized and delivered to distance students.
- The digitized copy must be transmitted under the
supervision of the instructor. This does not mean
that the instructor has to been online when students
are accessing a video stream, for example. It does
mean that the work must be an integral part of the
class session and cannot be simply enrichment or
background material that the student is free to
watch or not. The faculty member should
interactively use the copyrighted work as part of a
class assignment in the distance education course.
- Software tools must be used to limit access to
the works to only students enrolled in the course,
to prevent downstream copying by those students, and
to prevent the students from retaining the works for
longer than a “class session.” In our case, that
means the work must be password protected in a
Blackboard course site, and it must be streamed, and
not downloadable. It is true there are tools to
capture streamed media, but streaming is considered
a reasonable effort to satisfy the requirements of
the law. In the case or print material (and bear in
mind the extent of print material that can be
digitized under the TEACH act is restricted to the
amount that would be displayed in a normal in-person
class session) this means placing non-printing,
non-copying restrictions on the documents using
Acrobat or some other program.
- The institution must have a copyright policy in
place, and a copyright notice must be provided with
the work, and students must be informed that they
may not violate the legal rights of the copyright
holder.
- Works can be digitized for display in a distance
ed class if:
- The amount of analog material digitized
cannot exceed what could be displayed in a
normal in-person class session. We have taken
that to mean 1.5 hours, but, of course, longer
works could be segmented.
- Digitization can occur as long as a digital
version is not already available to students.
If, for example, a professor asks us to digitize
a Frontline episode, but we find that it has
already been digitized and streamed from the
Frontline web site, we are not permitted to
digitize, but the class must use the version on
the Frontline web site.
- Digitization of an analog source may occur
if a digital alternative exists and the digital
alternative contains "technological protection
measures" that keep it from being used for a
section 110(2) display. In other words, if a
DVD is encrypted and copy protected in such a
way that it cannot be excepted, an alanog
alternative (for example, a VHS tape) may be
legally used..
The best summary of all of this can be found in the
TEACH Act checklist from NCSU. Dr. Crews has his
own
somewhat more complex checklist. Using either would
give the faculty member as clear guidance as possible on
what works can be displayed in a distance ed class.
The two best references on the
TEACH Act I am aware of are:
"Copyright
and Distance Education," by Dr. Kenneth Crews of the
University of Indiana Copyright Management Center, and "The
TEACH Act Toolkit," from North Carolina State
University. Click here for a simplified,
2-page executive summary [PDF] of the provisions of
the TEACH Act from the Copyright Clearance Center. We
have also compiled a
set
of useful resources on the much broader issues
related to copyright.
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