REVISED SYLLABUS
ANTHROPOLOGY
225
HISTORICAL
ARCHAEOLOGY
Dr. de Barros -- Palomar College -- Fall 2006
| Instructor: | Dr. Philip de Barros or Dr. D |
| Office Hrs: | MW: 2:00-3:00; TTh: 9:30-11:00; & by appointment, in BES-7 |
| Class No: | 73595 |
| Location: | Room BE-1, 6:00-9:50 on Thursdays |
| Phone & Email: | 760/744-1150 x2343; email: pdebarros@palomar.edu |
Suggested Internet Web Pages
| Archaeology Program | http://www.palomar.edu/archaeology |
| Anthropology Dept. | http://www.palomar.edu/anthropology/ |
| Philip de Barros | http://daphne.palomar.edu/debarros |
| Careers in Anthropology | http://www.aaanet.org/careers.htm |
| FAQs About a Career in Archaeology (U.S.) | http://www.museum.state.il.us/ismdepts/anthro/dlcfaq.html |
| Archaeology: An Introduction | http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/kevin.greene/wintro/home.htm |
| Archaeology Resources | http://vlib.anthrotech.com/Archaeology/ |
| National Archaeological Database (NADB) | http://web.cast.uark.edu/other/nps/nadb/nadb.mul.html |
| CRM Firm Web Page | http://www.landmarkarchaeology.com |
| Archaeology Channel | http://www.archaeologychannel.org |
| archaeology magazine publications | http://www.discoveringarchaeology.com/magazine/ |
| Archaeology News, Resources and Forum: | http://www.archaeologica.org/NewsPage.htm |
| Archaeology Fieldwork |
http://www.shovelbums.org http://groups.yahoo.com/group/shovelbums/ |
|
San Diego Historical Society Research Library |
http://www.sandiegohistory.org/mainpages/locate6.htm From here you can access a guide to, and listings of, the local public records at the San Diego Historical Society, the California Room of the San Diego Public Library, the collections at San Diego State University and at the University of California at San Diego, as well as those at the Federal Government National Archives, Pacific Southwest Division. You can also access their large photo archive collection. |
| Pourade's History of San Diego |
http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/pourade/index.htm You can access all seven volumes of Pourade's history of San Diego as well as his chronology of San Diego History. |
| SOHO: Save Our Heritage
Organization: 1) How to Research Your Home; 2)Valuable online services |
http://sohosandiego.org/research/research.htm Step-by-Step
guide that is very useful for evaluating the significance of a residence
under CEQA or Section 106. http://sohosandiego.org/research/index.htm Services include 1) updates on California Room; 2) Historic Districts of San Diego; 3) City of San Diego; 4) San Diego Public Library; 5) City of San Diego Historical Resources Board; 6) San Diego County Assessor/Recorder/County Clerk; 7) California SHPO; 8) ancestry.com; 9) National Register of Historic Places; 10) Sec. of Interior Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties |
| Utah Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps |
http://www.lib.utah.edu/digital/sanborn/ This site has digital copies of Sanborn Maps for major cities in Utah. You must download the Mr. Sid plugin (free) to view the maps. |
| Sanborn Maps -- Complete American Collection |
http://sanborn.umi.com/ This site contains maps from 1867-1970. Access requires an institutional license. |
| California Spanish Mission Archives Digital Database |
http://www.huntington.org/Information/ECPPabout.htm Early California Population Project -- contains English translations of all of the Spanish mission records from California, covering more than 100,000 Mission Indians. |
| BLM Land Patents |
http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/ Site provides access to homestead land patents between 1820 and 1908. Copies of GLO Plat maps and surveyor's notes and actual homestead patent documents can be ordered by calling the BLM in Sacramento at 916-978-4330 x2. Sometimes the web page is down. |
| BLM Land Grant Master Plat Map Data | http://www.blm.gov/ca/forms/mtp/ Use this in conjunction with the other two BLM web sites. |
| BLM Land Grants Index for San Diego County |
http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ca/sandiego/land/sdiego.txt |
| IMACS |
http://www.anthro.utah.edu/imacs.html Intermountain Antiquities Computer System Guide -- provides detailed historic artifact categories and information about temporal and functional indicators. |
| California Newspaper Project, UC Riverside |
http://cnp.ucr.edu Fantastic ongoing project initiated in 1991 with a focus on creating a digital database on California's 12,000 newspapers and their contents. |
| Merriam Library CS Chico California Map Archive |
http://cricket.csuchico.edu/spcfotos/maps/topo_search.html |
| San Diego Assessor's Office |
http://www.sdarcc.com/arcc/ Can get data on current land values, Assessor's Parcel Numbers (APNs), Assessor's Parcel Maps, and the like. |
| California
GenWeb Site SanDiego Portion |
http://cagenweb.com http://cagenweb.com/sandiego |
| Bancroft Historical Works |
http://books.google.com/books?q=History+of+California:+The+Works+of+Hubert+Howe+Bancroft&ots=mdE8r223Cj&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title Link both lines into one line for Google |
Required Texts:
| 1 | Historical Archaeology, 2nd Edition. Charles Orser, Jr., 2004. |
| 2 | Approaches to Material Culture Research for Historical Archaeologists, 2nd Edition. Compiled by David R. Brauner, 2000. |
| 3 | Archaeological Laboratory Methods: An Introduction, 4th Edition. M.Q. Sutton and B.S. Arkush, 2006. |
| 1 | Doing Historical Archaeology: Exercises Using Documentary, Oral, and Material Evidence, by Russell Barber, 1994. |
| Ex 2: Toponymy [or Place Names or Ethnogeography], pp. 17-26 | |
| Ex 4: Probate Inventories and Acculturation, pp. 33-41 | |
| Ex 7: Analysis of Community Patterning, pp. 64-74 (optional?) | |
| Ex 10: Faunal Analysis, pp. 93-106 | |
| Ex 11: Inferring Alcohol Usage from Artifacts, pp. 107-126 | |
| Ex 14: Pipestem Dating, pp. 149-165 | |
| Ex 15: Mean Ceramic Dating, pp. 166-173 | |
| 2 | San Diego: Where California Began, James R. Mills, San Diego Historical Society, 1985. |
| 3 | Guides to topographic maps, historical maps, and Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps |
| 4 | Additional Handouts on Special Topics |
| 1 | Doing Historical Archaeology: Exercises Using Documentary, Oral, and Material Evidence, Russell Barber, Prentice-Hall, 1994. |
| 2 | The Story of New San Diego and of its Founder Alonzo E. Horton, Elizabeth MacPhail, San Diego Historical Society, 1979 [provided as handout]. |
| 3 | A History of North San Diego County: From Mission to Millennium, Lola Sherman and Gregory Williams, Heritage Media Corporation, 2001. |
| 4 | A History of San Diego, Richard F. Pourade, San Diego Historical Society, 1970, available at http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/pourade. |
Course Overview
ANTHROPOLOGY 225 is an
introductory course in historical archaeology focusing
on archival research and
artifact analysis.
Specific topics to be addressed include:
| 1 | Why we do historic archaeology. |
| 2 | Assessing the validity of historic resources -- document authenticity and author bias |
| 3 | Developing historical backgrounds for sites using primary and secondary sources. |
| 4 | Brief history of San Diego |
| 5 | Learning about and/or learning how to use the various archival sources that may be consulted in historical archaeological research: BLM homestead and mining patents; historic topographic maps; GLO plat maps and surveyor's notes; Sanborn Fire Insurance maps; directories or gazeteers; historical assessor's maps; deeds and land transfers; other historic topographic and street maps; Spanish mission archives; local histories, historical societies, and historians; historic photo archives and aerial photos; court and tax records; census data; and ethnogeography (toponymy). |
| 6 | Analyzing glass artifacts, especially bottles and food containers, based on shape, maker's marks and other lettering, manufacturing techniques, and manufacturing company to ascertain function and date or period of manufacture and use. |
| 7 | Analyzing ceramic artifacts based on form, maker's marks, registry marks, manufacturing technique, manufacturing company, and design styles or patterns to ascertain artifact function and date or period of manufacture and use. |
| 8 | Analysis of buttons (brief look). |
| 9 | Analysis of metal artifacts, especially cans and nails. |
| 10 | Analyzing historic artifact assemblages using activity groups to help assess site function. |
| 11 | Use of mean ceramic and mean bottle dates. |
| 12 | Use of ceramic economic scaling to assess socioeconomic class. |
| 13 | Study of class, gender, race, and ethnicity using historic artifact assemblages. |
| 14 | Communicating historical archaeology to the public. |
| 15 | Cataloging, preservation, and curation (briefly) |
| 16 | Conducting historical archaeological studies in the context of CRM law |
Summary of
Course Readings
|
TEXT AUTHOR |
READINGS, etc. |
| Orser | Read entire book -- in the order indicated in Schedule of Readings below. |
| Brauner | Ceramics: pp. 37-43, 56-85;
86-110 (optional). Glass: pp. 139-188; 189-220 (optional). Metal, Stone, & Leather: pp. 275-308; 318-339. Assemblage and Meaning: pp. 399-408; 423-440; 409-422 (optional) |
| Sutton & Arkush | Chapter 9; Analysis of Historical Artifacts, pp. 159-234. |
| Barber | Handouts for various exercises (see above) |
| Mills | Read entire book as photocopied. 35 pages of text; rest historic photos. |
Course Grading
Breakdown:
| 1 | 5 Lab exercises @ 25-35 points each | 145 |
| 2 | 7 Written exercises in Barber @ 20-40 points each | 225 |
| 3 | 2 Quizzes on Historic Artifacts @ 30 points each | 80 |
| 4 | Archival Project Term Paper | 230 |
| 5 | Artifact Analysis Exercises (at least two) | 100 |
| 6 | 2 Field Trips to Chula Vista - Van Wormer and Walter presentations | 100 |
| 7 | Field Trip to San Diego Historical Society, California Room, and City-County Administrative Building (Assessor's Office) | 50 |
| All | Course Total | 930 |
| Course attendance/participation is critical. Most students should get an A or B in the course if they come every week and show progress in learning the fundamentals of archival research and historic artifact analysis and assemblage interpretation. Basic skills will be learned through a combination of lecture, lab exercises, group projects, and field trips. |
CLASS PRESENTATION, READING and EXAM SCHEDULE
|
WEEKLY READINGS AND ACTIVITIES |
Readings |
|
Week 1: August 24, 2006 |
|
| What is historical archaeology? | |
| Brief history of historical archaeology | |
| Goals of historical archaeology -- Why do we do it? | |
| Types of sites -- general and particular. | |
| Historical Archaeology by Orser | Chapters 1-3 incl. Time Travel (end of chapter) |
| Film: Privy to the Past (29 minutes) | |
| Scott Crull's Historical Archaeology 10-CD Set -- Orders | |
| Discussion of Film | |
| Brief History of San Diego | |
| San Diego: Where California Began by Mills | pp. 1-81 (35 pages text) |
|
Week 2: August 31 |
|
| Brief History of San Diego -- issue of historical bias in histories. | |
| Archival Research: Historic Maps | |
| Orser: Site Survey & Location; Pre-Excavation Fieldwork | Chapters 6 and 7 |
| Interpreting topographic maps: land grants; Township and Range (with sections); basic topographic symbols for structures | |
| Using historic topographic maps -- USGS, GLO Plat maps, etc. | |
| LAB EXERCISE 1: Studying historical USGS topo maps. | |
|
Week 3: September 7 |
|
| Archival Research -- GLO Plat Maps | |
| Toponymy or Place Names or Ethnogeography. Examples: San Bernardino National Forest; Cahuilla Place Names; Lucerne Valley Project; USGS historical maps. | |
| LAB EXERCISES 2-3: GLO Plat Maps - Live Oak/San Timoteo Canyons and Julian/Santa Ysabel with Study of Surveyor Field Notes | |
| LAB EXERCISE 4: Brown's Toll Road (take home with handouts) | |
|
Week 4: September 14 |
|
| GLO Plat Maps and Integrated Approaches to Map Use Focusing on the Brown's Toll Road Exercise | |
| SANBORN MAPS -- their history and use (handouts) | |
| LAB EXERCISE 5: Using Sanborn Maps -- comparative studies of early maps from Escondido and Temecula | |
|
Week 5: September 21 |
|
| Archival Research: Use of Assessor's Records. | |
| Title Searches: Grantor- Grantee Indexes, Assessor's Lot Books, Plat Maps. Title Companies and Chain Tech | |
| Oral History, Local Historians, and Historical Societies | |
| Barber -- Toponymy, Exercise No. 2 | pp.17-26 |
| Barber -- Probate Inventories and Acculturation, Exercise No. 4 | pp. 33-41 |
| Barber -- Community Patterning, Exercise No. 7 | pp. 64-74 |
| Barber -- Inferring Alcohol Usage, Exercise 11 (take home) | pp. 107-124 |
| Field Trip to San Diego Historical Society on Friday, Sept. 22nd, 9:30 A.M. Presentation by Jane Kenealy | |
| Week 6: September 28 | |
| Guest Lecture: Dennis Gallegos on Aguirre Adobe Excavations | |
| Discussion of Barber Exercises | |
| Additional slides on St Anthony's Indian School and Aguirre Adobe | |
| Week 7: October 5 | |
| Doing Historic Archaeology: Handouts and Slide Lecture on Work at Franciscan Plaza Near Mission San Juan Capistrano | |
| Multidisciplinary nature of historical archaeological studies. | |
| Archaeopolitics. | |
| Week 8: October 12 | |
| Studying Mission Archives; lecture and associated handout by David Earle, ethnohistorian living in Lancaster | |
| Orser: Artifacts, Time and Space; Field and Lab Work | Chapters 4, 5 & 8 |
| Early California Population Project - Studying Mission Archives | |
| California Newspaper Project, UC Riverside | |
| Brauner: Changes in Pearlware Dinnerware, 1780-1830 | pp. 37-43 |
| Brauner: Response to a Market: Dating English Underglaze Transfer-Printed Wares, | pp. 56-85 |
| Sutton & Arkush -- Classification and Analysis of Historic Ceramics and Buttons | Chapter 9, pp. 199-219 |
|
Week 9: October 19 |
|
| Historic Archival Project for Student Groups | Due December 15 |
| Ceramics Lecture -- history of ceramics; types of clays; types of ceramics (terra cotta, earthenwares, stonewares, porcelains); firing of ceramics; porosity, hardness, and translucence. | |
| Presidio Ceramic Guides (Williams) | |
| Discussion of Brauner articles assigned last week, including definition of transfer ware and pearlware. | |
| Discussion of Sutton and Arkush section on ceramics and buttons | |
| Brauner: A Revised Set of CC Index Values for Classification and Economic Scaling of English Ceramics from 1787 to 1880 | pp. 86-110 |
| Week 10: October 26 | |
| Barber -- Pipestem Dating, Exercise 14 | pp. 149-165 |
| Barber -- Mean Ceramic Dating, Exercise 15 | pp. 166-173 |
| Sutton & Arkush -- Classification and Analysis of Bottles | Chapter 9, pp. 182-199 |
| Chula Vista Field Trip: Presentation by Susan Walter on Ceramics | |
|
Week 11: November 2 |
|
| Ceramic Maker's Marks and Mean Ceramic Dating | |
| Exercise Using Historic Ceramics Using HB Collection -- maker's marks, functional types, decorative types | |
| Brauner: Bottle Nomenclature | pp. 139-148 |
| Brauner: Glass Bottle Push-Ups and Pontil Marks | pp. 149-160 |
| Sutton & Arkush -- classification and analysis of metal artifacts | Chapter 9, pp. 159-182 |
|
Week 12: November 9 |
|
| Artifacts: Bottles | |
| Brauner: Machine Made Glass Containers and the End of Production of Mouth Blown Bottles | pp. 161-174 |
| Brauner: Second Time Around: A Look at Bottle Reuse | pp. 175-188 |
| Brauner: Glass Trade Beads: A Progress Report (optional) | pp. 202-220 |
| Chula Vista Field Trip: Presentation by Steve Van Wormer on Bottles | |
|
Week 13: November 16 |
|
| Exercise Using Historic Bottles from HB Collection: bottle shape, color, maker's marks, seams, and manufacturing techniques | |
| Artifacts: Historic Metal Artifacts | |
| Brauner: Cans in the Countryside | pp. 275-289 |
| Brauner: Beer Cans: A Guide for the Archaeologist | pp. 290-308 |
| Brauner: Nail Chronology | pp. 318-339 |
|
Week 14: November 23 |
HOLIDAY |
|
Week 15: November 30 |
|
| Faunal Analysis at Historical Sites | |
| Sutton & Arkush | Chapter 9, pp. 219-220 |
| Assemblage and Meaning | |
| Orser: Interpeting the Historical Past | Chapter 9 |
| Orser: The Archaeology of Groups (Social Class, Gender, Ethnicity and Race) | Chapter 10 |
| Orser: Global History of Archaeology -- the Great Dutch Empire | Chapter 11 |
| Brauner: Status and Ceramics for Planters and Slaves on Three Georgia Planations | pp. 111-138 |
| Brauner: Glass-Knapping at a Louisiana Plantation: African-American Tools? (optional) | pp. 189-201 |
| Brauner: Blue Beads as African-American Cultural Symbols | pp. 221-247 |
| Barber -- Faunal Analysis, Exercise 10 | pp. 93-106 |
| Guest Presentation by Steve van Wormer on Activity Groups and Ceramic Economic Scaling | |
| Week 16: December 7 | |
| Assemblage and Meaning | |
| Orser: Historical Archaeology and Cultural Resource Management | Chapter 12 |
| Brauner: Function, Meaning, and Context: Ambiguities in Ceramic Use by the Hivernant Metis of the Northwestern Plains | pp. 399-408 |
| Brauner: What is the Use of Plantation Archaeology? (optional) | pp. 409-422 |
| Brauner: Material Culture and African-American Spirituality at the Hermitage | pp. 423-440 |
|
Week 17: December 14 –
FINAL EXAM Thursday, at 6:00 P.M. in BE-1 |
|
